I-asynchronous yezigaba ezintathuimotoiwuhlobo lwenjini yokungeniswa enikwa amandla ngokuxhuma kanyekanye i-380V yesigaba sesithathu se-AC yamanje (umehluko wesigaba samadigri ayi-120).Ngenxa yokuthi i-rotor kanye ne-stator ejikelezayo inkambu kazibuthe ye-asynchronous motor yesigaba ezintathu ijikeleza ngendlela efanayo nangesivinini esihlukile, kukhona izinga lokushelela, ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi i-asynchronous motor yesigaba ezintathu.
Ijubane le-rotor le-asynchronous motor yesigaba ezintathu liphansi kunejubane lensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo.I-rotor winding ikhiqiza amandla e-electromotive kanye namanje ngenxa yokunyakaza okuhlobene nenkundla kazibuthe, futhi ixhumana nenkundla kazibuthe ukuze ikhiqize i-torque kagesi, kuzuzwe ukuguqulwa kwamandla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba esisodwa se-asynchronousizinjini, izigaba ezintathu ezingavumelaniyoizinjiniabe nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu futhi angagcina izinto ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokusho kwezinhlaka ezihlukene ze-rotor, ama-motor asynchronous ezigaba ezintathu angahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwekheji nohlobo lwesilonda.
I-asynchronous motor ene-cage rotor inesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekile, isisindo esincane, kanye nenani eliphansi, elisetshenziswe kabanzi.I-drawback yayo eyinhloko wubunzima bokulawulwa kwejubane.
I-rotor kanye ne-stator yesilonda se-asynchronous motor yesigaba sesithathu nayo ifakwe ama-windings ezigaba ezintathu futhi ixhunywe ku-rheostat yangaphandle ngokusebenzisa izindandatho zokushelela, amabhulashi.Ukulungisa ukumelana kwe-rheostat kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqala kwemoto futhi kulungise ijubane lemoto.
Isimiso sokusebenza se-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu
Lapho i-symmetrical yamanje eshintshanayo yezigaba ezintathu isetshenziswa ekujikeni kwe-stator kwezigaba ezintathu, kukhiqizwa inkambu yakazibuthe ezungezayo ezungeza njengokuya kwewashi endaweni engaphakathi eyindilinga ye-stator ne-rotor ngesivinini esivumelanayo esingu-n1.
Njengoba insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ijikeleza ngesivinini se-n1, umqhubi we-rotor umile ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke umqhubi we-rotor uzosika insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ukuze akhiqize amandla e-electromotive induced (isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive induced sinqunywa Isandla sokudla. umthetho).
Ngenxa yokujikeleza okufushane komqhubi we-rotor emikhawulweni yomibili ngendandatho ye-short-circuit, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla e-electromotive eyengelwe, umqhubi we-rotor uzokhiqiza i-current induced ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo ibheke ohlangothini olufanayo namandla e-electromotive.I-conductor yamanje ephethe i-rotor ingaphansi kwamandla kagesi endaweni kazibuthe ye-stator (isiqondiso samandla sinqunywa kusetshenziswa umthetho ongakwesokunxele).Amandla kazibuthe kagesi akhiqiza itorque kagesi ku-rotor shaft, eshayela i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze ibheke endaweni yamagnetic ezungezayo.
Ngokuhlaziya okungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi isimiso sokusebenza semoto kagesi simi kanje: lapho izigaba ezintathu ze-stator windings ze-motor (ngasinye esinomehluko we-engeli kagesi engu-120 degree) ziphakelwa ngezigaba ezintathu zokulinganisa ukulinganisa kwamandla. , kukhiqizwa inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo, enqamula ukuzungeza kwe-rotor futhi ikhiqize amandla akhona ku-rotor winding (i-rotor winding iyisekhethi evaliwe).I-rotor conductor yamanje izokhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ngaphansi kwesenzo se-stator ejikelezayo yensimu kazibuthe, Ngakho-ke, i-torque ka-electromagnetic yakheka ku-motor shaft, ishayela imoto ukuthi ijikeleze endaweni efanayo nenkundla kazibuthe ezungezayo.
Umdwebo wezintambo we-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu
Izintambo eziyisisekelo zama-motor asynchronous ezigaba ezintathu:
Izintambo eziyisithupha ezisuka ekujikeni kwe-asynchronous motor yezigaba ezintathu zingahlukaniswa zibe izindlela ezimbili zokuxhuma eziyisisekelo: uxhumano lwe-delta delta kanye nokuxhumeka kwenkanyezi.
Izintambo eziyisithupha=ama-motor windings amathathu=amakhanda amathathu aphethe+iziphetho zemisila emithathu, ene-multimeter ekala ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhanda nomsila emaphethelweni okujika okufanayo, okungukuthi U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2.
1. Indlela yokuxhuma i-delta engunxantathu yezigaba ezintathu zamamotho asynchronous
Indlela yokuxhumana ye-delta engunxantathu iwukuxhuma amakhanda nemisila yamajika amathathu ngokulandelana ukuze kwakhe unxantathu, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni:
2. Indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi yezigaba ezintathu zamamotho asynchronous
Indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi iwukuxhuma umsila noma iziphetho zekhanda zama-winding amathathu, kanti ezinye izintambo ezintathu zisetshenziswa njengokuxhumana kwamandla.Indlela yokuxhumana njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni:
Incazelo yomdwebo wezintambo ze-Asynchronous Motor Phase Ezintathu Emidwebeni Nombhalo
Ibhokisi le-junction motor lezigaba ezintathu
Lapho i-asynchronous motor yezigaba ezintathu ixhunyiwe, indlela yokuxhuma yesiqephu sokuxhuma ebhokisini lokuhlangana imi kanje:
Lapho i-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu ixhunywe ekhoneni, indlela yokuxhuma yocezu lokuxhuma lwebhokisi lokuhlangana imi kanje:
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxhuma zama-motor asynchronous ezigaba ezintathu: uxhumano lwenkanyezi kanye nokuxhumeka kukanxantathu.
Indlela ye-triangulation
Kumakhoyili asontekayo ane-voltage efanayo ne-diameter yentambo, indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi inokujika okuphindwe kathathu ngesigaba ngasinye (izikhathi ezingu-1.732) namandla aphindwe kathathu kunendlela yokuxhuma unxantathu.Indlela yokuxhuma yemoto eqediwe ilungisiwe ukuze imelane ne-voltage engu-380V futhi ngokuvamile ayifanele ukuguqulwa.
Indlela yokuxhuma ingashintshwa kuphela lapho izinga le-voltage lezigaba ezintathu lihlukile kunelejwayelekile elingu-380V.Isibonelo, lapho izinga likagesi lezigaba ezintathu lingu-220V, ukushintsha indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi ye-voltage yokuqala yezigaba ezintathu engu-380V ukuya endleleni yokuxhuma unxantathu kungasebenza;Uma izinga lamandla kagesi ezigaba ezintathu lingu-660V, indlela yokuqala yokuxhumana ye-voltage yezigaba ezintathu engu-380V ingashintshwa ibe indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi, futhi amandla ayo ahlala engashintshile.Ngokuvamile, amamotho anamandla aphansi axhumeke ngenkanyezi, kuyilapho amamotho anamandla aphezulu exhunywe i-delta.
Ku-voltage elinganiselwe, i-delta exhunywe injini kufanele isetshenziswe.Uma ishintshwa ibe yinkanyezi exhunywe yimoto, ingeyokusebenza kwe-voltage encishisiwe, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla emoto kanye nokuqala kwamanje.Lapho uqala i-motor enamandla amakhulu (indlela yokuxhuma i-delta), yamanje iphezulu kakhulu.Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wamanje oqalayo emugqeni, ukuqala kokuya phansi ngokuvamile kwamukelwa.Enye indlela ukushintsha indlela yokuxhumana ye-delta yoqobo ibe inkanyezi yokuxhumana ukuze kuqalwe.Ngemuva kokuthi indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi isiqalile, iguqulwa ibuyele endleleni yokuxhumana ye-delta ukuze isebenze.
Umdwebo wezintambo we-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu
Umdwebo obonakalayo wemigqa yokudlulisa eya phambili nehlehlayo yezigaba ezintathu zamamotho asynchronous:
Ukuze uzuze ukulawula okuya phambili nokuhlehla kwemoto, noma yiziphi izigaba ezimbili zokunikezwa kwamandla ayo zingalungiswa ngokuhlobene nezinye (sikubiza ngokuthi ukuguqulwa).Ngokuvamile, isigaba se-V sihlala singashintshiwe, futhi isigaba se-U kanye nesigaba se-W siyalungiswa ngokuhlobene.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukulandelana kwesigaba senjini kungashintshaniswa ngokuthembekile lapho othintana naye ababili benza, izintambo kufanele zihambisane nechweba eliphezulu le-contact, futhi isigaba kufanele silungiswe ku-port engezansi ye-contactor.Ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kokulandelana kwesigaba kwezigaba ezimbili, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhoyili amabili e-KM awakwazi ukuvuswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kwenzeke amaphutha esigaba esibucayi kuya esigabeni esifushane.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana kufanele kuthathwe.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, isifunda sokulawula esihamba phambili esiphindwe kabili esinezinkinobho (mechanical) kanye ne-contactor interlocking (kagesi) sivame ukusetshenziswa;Ngokusebenzisa ukuvala izinkinobho, ngisho noma izinkinobho zokuya phambili noma zokuhlehla zicindezelwa kanyekanye, abathintwayo ababili abasetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwesigaba abakwazi ukuvuswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngokugwema ngokuzenzakalelayo isigaba ukuya kumasekhethi amafushane.
Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuhlotshaniswa koxhumana nabo abasetshenzisiwe, inqobo nje uma omunye wabathintana naye evuliwe, ukuthintana kwayo okuvaliwe okude ngeke kuvaleke.Ngale ndlela, ekusetshenzisweni kokuxhumanisa okubili komshini nokukagesi, uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla enjini alukwazi ukuba nesigaba ukuya esigabeni samasekethe amafushane, luvikela ngempumelelo umshini futhi lugweme izingozi ezibangelwa yisigaba ukuya esigabeni samasekethe amafushane ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwesigaba, esingashisa othintana naye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-07-2023
