I-asynchronous enezigaba ezintathuinjiniuhlobo lwenjini yokungenisa amandla eqhutshwa ngokuxhuma ngasikhathi sinye ugesi we-AC wesigaba sesithathu esingu-380V (umehluko wesigaba sama-degrees angu-120). Ngenxa yokuthi i-rotor kanye ne-stator ezijikelezayo zenjini yesigaba sesithathu engenzi nzuzo zijikeleza ohlangothini olufanayo nangesivinini esihlukile, kukhona izinga lokushelela, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi imoto yesigaba sesithathu engenzi nzuzo.
Ijubane le-rotor yemoto enezigaba ezintathu ezingasebenzi kahle liphansi kunejubane lensimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo. Ukugoqa kwe-rotor kukhiqiza amandla kagesi kanye nogesi ngenxa yokunyakaza okuhlobene nensimu kazibuthe, futhi kuxhumana nensimu kazibuthe ukuze kukhiqizwe i-torque kagesi, kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwamandla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-single-phase asynchronousama-motor, i-asynchronous enezigaba ezintathuama-motorbabe nokusebenza okungcono futhi bangagcina izinto ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokusho kwezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-rotor, ama-motor asynchronous anezigaba ezintathu angahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwekheji kanye nohlobo lwenxeba
Injini engahambisani ne-cage rotor inesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekile, isisindo esincane, kanye nentengo ephansi, okuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi. Inkinga yayo eyinhloko ubunzima ekulawulweni kwesivinini.
I-rotor kanye ne-stator yemoto enezigaba ezintathu engavumelani nayo ifakwe ama-windings ezigaba ezintathu futhi ixhunywe kwi-rheostat yangaphandle ngamasongo okushelela, amabhulashi. Ukulungisa ukumelana kwe-rheostat kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqala kwemoto futhi kulungise ijubane lemoto.
Umgomo wokusebenza wemoto enezigaba ezintathu engasebenzi kahle
Uma kusetshenziswa i-symmetrical three-phase alternating current ku-stator winding ye-three-phase, kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ejikeleza ngokwewashi esikhaleni sangaphakathi esiyindilinga se-stator ne-rotor ngesivinini esivumelanayo n1.
Njengoba insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ijikeleza ngesivinini se-n1, umqhubi we-rotor akashintshi ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke umqhubi we-rotor uzosika insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ye-stator ukuze akhiqize amandla e-electromotive ashukunyiswayo (isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive ashukunyiswayo sinqunywa umthetho wesandla sokudla).
Ngenxa yokujikeleza okufushane komqhubi we-rotor kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ngendandatho ye-short-circuit, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla e-electromotive abangelwayo, umqhubi we-rotor uzokhiqiza ugesi obangelwayo osendaweni efanayo namandla e-electromotive abangelwayo. Umqhubi wamanje othwala i-rotor ubhekene namandla e-electromagnetic ensimini yamagnetic ye-stator (isiqondiso samandla sinqunywa kusetshenziswa umthetho wesandla sobunxele). Amandla e-electromagnetic akhiqiza i-torque kagesi ku-shaft ye-rotor, eqhuba i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze endaweni yamandla emagnetic ajikelezayo.
Ngokuhlaziywa okungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi isimiso sokusebenza semoto kagesi simi kanje: lapho ukugoqana kwe-stator yesigaba esithathu semoto (ngalinye elinomehluko we-engeli kagesi engu-120 degrees) kuphakelwa ngogesi ojikelezayo wesigaba esithathu, kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, enquma ukugoqana kwe-rotor futhi ikhiqize ugesi obangelwayo ekugoqaneni kwe-rotor (ukugoqana kwe-rotor kuyisekethe evaliwe). Umqhubi we-rotor othwala ugesi uzokhiqiza amandla kagesi ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator, Ngakho-ke, i-torque kagesi yakhiwa ku-shaft yemoto, iqhuba imoto ukuthi ijikeleze ngendlela efanayo nensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo.
Umdwebo wokuxhuma wemoto enezigaba ezintathu engavumelani
Ukuxhuma okuyisisekelo kwama-motor angenazo izigaba ezintathu:
Izintambo eziyisithupha ezivela ekugoqweni kwenjini yesigaba sesithathu engavumelani zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokuxhuma: uxhumano lwe-delta delta kanye noxhumano lwezinkanyezi.
Izintambo eziyisithupha=ama-motor windings amathathu=iziphetho zekhanda ezintathu+iziphetho zemsila ezintathu, kanye ne-multimeter elinganisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweziphetho zekhanda nemsila ze-winding efanayo, okungukuthi i-U1-U2, i-V1-V2, i-W1-W2.
1. Indlela yokuxhumanisa i-triangle delta yama-motor asynchronous anezigaba ezintathu
Indlela yokuxhumanisa i-triangle delta iwukuxhumanisa amakhanda nemisila yemijikelezo emithathu ngokulandelana ukuze kwakheke unxantathu, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni:
2. Indlela yokuxhuma izinkanyezi yama-motor angenazo izigaba ezintathu
Indlela yokuxhumanisa izinkanyezi ukuxhumanisa umsila noma iziphetho zekhanda lama-windings amathathu, kanti ezinye izintambo ezintathu zisetshenziswa njengokuxhumanisa kwamandla. Indlela yokuxhumanisa njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni:
Incazelo Yomdwebo Wezintambo Wezimoto Ezingavumelani Nezigaba Ezintathu Ngezibalo Nombhalo
Ibhokisi lokuhlangana kwezimoto ezinezigaba ezintathu
Uma injini ye-asynchronous enezigaba ezintathu ixhunyiwe, indlela yokuxhuma yengxenye yokuxhuma ebhokisini lokuxhumanisa imi kanje:
Uma i-motor yesigaba esithathu ixhunywe ekhoneni, indlela yokuxhuma yengxenye yokuxhuma ibhokisi lokuxhuma imi kanje:
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxhumanisa zama-motor asynchronous anezigaba ezintathu: ukuxhumana kwezinkanyezi kanye nokuxhumana konxantathu.
Indlela yonxantathu
Kuma-winding coils ane-voltage efanayo kanye nobubanzi bentambo, indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi inokujika okuphindwe kathathu ngesigaba ngasinye (izikhathi ezingu-1.732) kanye namandla angaphansi kathathu kunendlela yokuxhuma unxantathu. Indlela yokuxhuma yemoto eqediwe ilungisiwe ukuze imelane ne-voltage engu-380V futhi ngokuvamile ayifaneleki ukuguqulwa.
Indlela yokuxhuma ingashintshwa kuphela uma izinga le-voltage yezigaba ezintathu lihlukile kune-380V evamile. Isibonelo, uma izinga le-voltage yezigaba ezintathu lingu-220V, ukushintsha indlela yokuxhuma inkanyezi ye-voltage yezigaba ezintathu yokuqala engu-380V ibe yindlela yokuxhuma unxantathu kungasebenza; Uma izinga le-voltage yezigaba ezintathu lingu-660V, indlela yokuxhuma i-delta ye-voltage yezigaba ezintathu yokuqala engu-380V ingashintshwa ibe yindlela yokuxhuma izinkanyezi, futhi amandla ayo ahlala engashintshi. Ngokuvamile, ama-motor anamandla aphansi axhunywe ngezinkanyezi, kuyilapho ama-motor anamandla aphezulu exhunywe nge-delta.
Uma i-voltage ilinganisiwe, kufanele kusetshenziswe imoto exhunywe ku-delta. Uma ishintshwa ibe yimoto exhunywe ku-star, iwumsebenzi we-voltage oncishisiwe, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla emoto kanye nokuqala kwamandla. Uma uqala imoto enamandla aphezulu (indlela yokuxhuma i-delta), ugesi uphezulu kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokuqalisa kwamandla kagesi kulayini, ukuqala phansi ngokunyuka ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa. Enye indlela ukushintsha indlela yokuxhuma i-delta yokuqala ibe yindlela yokuxhuma izinkanyezi ukuze kuqalwe. Ngemva kokuba indlela yokuxhuma izinkanyezi isiqalile, iguqulwa ibuyele endleleni yokuxhuma i-delta ukuze isebenze.
Umdwebo wokuxhuma wemoto enezigaba ezintathu engavumelani
Umdwebo ongokoqobo wemigqa yokudlulisa phambili nangemuva yamamotha angenazo izigaba ezintathu:
Ukuze kufezwe ukulawula phambili nokuhlehla kwemoto, noma yiziphi izigaba ezimbili zokunikezwa kwayo kwamandla zingalungiswa ngokuqondene nomunye nomunye (sikubiza ngokuthi ukushintsha). Ngokuvamile, isigaba se-V asishintshi, kanti isigaba se-U nesigaba se-W ziyalungiswa ngokuqondene nomunye nomunye. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukulandelana kwesigaba semoto kungashintshaniswa ngokuthembekile lapho ama-contactor amabili esebenza, izintambo kufanele zihambisane echwebeni eliphezulu loxhumana naye, futhi isigaba kufanele silungiswe echwebeni elingezansi loxhumana naye. Ngenxa yokushintshana kwesigaba sezigaba ezimbili, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhoyili amabili e-KM awakwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kube namaphutha amakhulu esigaba kuya kwesigaba esifushane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukukhiyana.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kuvame ukusetshenziswa isekethe yokulawula ehlanganisa kabili phambili nangemuva enezinkinobho ezihlanganisayo (ezemishini) kanye ne-contactor interlocking (ekagesi); Ngokusebenzisa izinkinobho ezihlanganisayo, noma ngabe izinkinobho eziya phambili neziya emuva zicindezelwa ngasikhathi sinye, ama-contactor amabili asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwesigaba awakwazi ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye, okugwema ngomshini amasekethe amafushane esigaba kuya kwesigaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuvaleka kwama-contactor asetshenzisiwe, inqobo nje uma enye yama-contactor ivuliwe, ukuxhumana kwayo okuvalekile isikhathi eside ngeke kuvaleke. Ngale ndlela, ekusetshenzisweni kokuxhumana okubili komshini nogesi, uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla lwemoto alukwazi ukuba nama-contact short circuits asebenza ngesigaba kuya kwesigaba, luvikele ngempumelelo imoto futhi lugweme izingozi ezibangelwa ama-contact short circuits asebenza ngesigaba kuya kwesigaba ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesigaba, okungashisa i-contactor.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-07-2023
