Isakhiwo kanye nomklamo wemoto kagesi emsulwa yehlukile kuleso semoto evamile eqhutshwa yinjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Futhi kuwubunjiniyela besistimu eyinkimbinkimbi. Idinga ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla, ubuchwepheshe bokushayela izithuthuthu, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto kanye nethiyori yokulawula yesimanje ukuze kuzuzwe inqubo yokulawula efanele. Ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi yezimoto zikagesi nobuchwepheshe, izwe liyaqhubeka nokuhambisana nesakhiwo se-R&D "ezintathu eziqondile nezintathu ezivundlile", futhi liphinde ligqamise ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe obubalulekile obuvamile "buthathu obuvundlile" ngokwesu lokuguqula ubuchwepheshe "pure electric drive", okungukuthi, ucwaningo lwemoto motor kanye nohlelo lwayo lokulawula, ibhethri lamandla nohlelo lwayo lokuphatha, kanye nesistimu yokulawula i-powertrain. Umkhiqizi ngamunye omkhulu wenza isu lakhe lokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ngokwesu lokuthuthukisa likazwelonke.
Umbhali uhlunga ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kunqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-powertrain entsha, ehlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori kanye nereferensi yokuklama, ukuhlola, nokukhiqizwa kwe-powertrain. Lolu hlelo luhlukaniswe ngezahluko ezintathu zokuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokushayela ugesi ku-powertrain yezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingenasici. Namuhla, sizokwethula kuqala isimiso nokuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe bokushayela ugesi.
Umfanekiso 1 Izixhumanisi Ezibalulekile Ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Powertrain
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko besitimela samandla emoto kagesi buhlanganisa izigaba ezine ezilandelayo:
Umfanekiso 2 I-Core Key Technologies ye-Powertrain
Incazelo Yohlelo Lwezimoto Zokushayela
Ngokwesimo sebhethri lamandla emoto kanye nezidingo zamandla emoto, iguqula amandla kagesi aphumayo ngedivayisi yokukhiqiza amandla engaphakathi ebhodini ibe amandla emishini, futhi amandla adluliselwe emasondweni okushayela ngomshini wokudlulisa, nezingxenye. wamandla emishini yemoto aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi futhi abuyiselwe endaweni yokugcina amandla lapho imoto ibhuleka. Uhlelo lokushayela lukagesi luhlanganisa i-motor, i-transmission mechanism, isilawuli semoto nezinye izinto. Ukwakhiwa kwemingcele yezobuchwepheshe yesistimu yokushayela yamandla kagesi ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa amandla, i-torque, isivinini, i-voltage, isilinganiso sokudlulisa sokunciphisa, amandla okunikezwa kwamandla, amandla okukhipha, i-voltage, yamanje, njll.
1) Isilawuli sezimoto
Futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-inverter, ishintsha okokufaka kwamanje okuqondile ngephakethe lebhethri lamandla libe lamanje elishintshayo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile:
◎ I-IGBT: ukushintsha amandla kagesi, umgomo: ngesilawuli, lawula ingalo yebhuloho ye-IGBT ukuze uvale imvamisa ethile kanye neswishi yokulandelana ukuze ukhiqize amandla ashintshashintshayo ezigaba ezintathu. Ngokulawula ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ukuze kuvalwe, i-voltage eshintshanayo ingashintshwa. Khona-ke i-voltage ye-AC ikhiqizwa ngokulawula umjikelezo womsebenzi.
◎ Amandla efilimu: umsebenzi wokuhlunga; inzwa yamanje: ithola ukujikajika kwezigaba ezintathu.
I-2) Isifunda sokulawula nokushayela: ibhodi lokulawula ikhompyutha, ukushayela i-IGBT
Indima yesilawuli semoto ukuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC, yamukele isignali ngayinye, futhi ikhiphe amandla ahambisanayo netorque. Izingxenye eziyinhloko: ukushintshwa kwe-electronic power, i-capacitor yefilimu, inzwa yamanje, lawula umjikelezo wedrayivu ukuze uvule amaswishi ahlukene, yenza imisinga ngezindlela ezihlukene, futhi ukhiqize i-voltage eshintshanayo. Ngakho-ke, singahlukanisa i-sinusoidal alternating current ibe ama-rectangles. Indawo yama-rectangles iguqulwa ibe i-voltage enobude obufanayo. I-x-eksisi ibona ukulawula ubude ngokulawula umjikelezo wemisebenzi, futhi ekugcineni ibona ukuguqulwa okufanayo kwendawo. Ngale ndlela, amandla e-DC angalawulwa ukuze avale ingalo yebhuloho le-IGBT ngemvamisa ethile kanye nokushintsha kokulandelana ngesilawuli ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla e-AC ezigaba ezintathu.
Njengamanje, izingxenye ezibalulekile zesekethe yedrayivu zithembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe: ama-capacitor, amashubhu okushintsha i-IGBT/MOSFET, i-DSP, ama-chips e-elekthronikhi namasekethe ahlanganisiwe, angakhiqizwa ngokuzimela kodwa abe namandla abuthakathaka: izifunda ezikhethekile, izinzwa, izixhumi, ezingaba akhiqizwa ngokuzimela: izinsiza zamandla, ama-diode, ama-inductors, amabhodi wesifunda se-multilayer, izintambo ezifakiwe, ama-radiator.
I-3) I-Motor: Guqula i-current yezigaba ezintathu eshintshanayo ibe umshini
◎ Isakhiwo: amakhava angaphambili nangemuva, amagobolondo, ama-shaft nama-bearings
◎ Isekethe yamagnetic: i-stator core, i-rotor core
◎ Isekhethi: i-stator winding, i-rotor conductor
4) Idivayisi yokudlulisa
I-gearbox noma isinciphisi siguqula isivinini se-torque esikhishwa yinjini sibe ijubane netorque edingwa yiyo yonke imoto.
Uhlobo lwemoto yokushayela
Izinjini zokushayela zihlukaniswe izigaba ezine ezilandelayo. Njengamanje, ama-AC induction motors kanye nama-synchronous kazibuthe unomphela yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimoto zikagesi zamandla amasha. Ngakho-ke sigxila kubuchwepheshe be-AC induction motor kanye ne-magnetic synchronous motor unomphela.
| DC Motor | I-AC Induction Motor | I-Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor | Ishintshe i-Reluctance Motor | |
| Inzuzo | Izindleko Eziphansi, Izidingo Eziphansi Zohlelo Lokulawula | Izindleko eziphansi, Ukumbozwa okubanzi kwamandla, Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula obuthuthukisiwe, Ukuthembeka okuphezulu | High Power Density, Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, usayizi omncane | Isakhiwo Esilula, Izidingo Eziphansi Zohlelo Lokulawula |
| Ububi | Izidingo zokugcinwa okuphezulu, isivinini esiphansi, i-torque ephansi, isikhathi esifushane sokuphila | Indawo encane esebenza kahleUkuminyana kwamandla okuncane | Izindleko eziphezulu Ukungaguquguquki kahle kwemvelo | Ukushintshashintsha kwe-torque enkuluUmsindo osebenzayo |
| Isicelo | Imoto kagesi encane noma enesivinini esincane | Izimoto zebhizinisi likagesi kanye nezimoto zabagibeli | Izimoto zebhizinisi likagesi kanye nezimoto zabagibeli | Imoto yamandla engxubevange |
1) I-AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Isimiso sokusebenza se-AC inductive motor asynchronous ukuthi ukujika kuzodlula ku-stator slot kanye ne-rotor: ihlanganiswe ngamashidi ensimbi amancane ane-conductivity kazibuthe ephezulu. Ugesi wezigaba ezintathu uzodlula endaweni ephendukayo. Ngokomthetho we-electromagnetic induction kaFaraday, kuzokwenziwa insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi i-rotor ijikeleze. Amakhoyili amathathu e-stator axhunywe ngesikhawu samadigri angu-120, futhi umqhubi ophethe okwamanje ukhiqiza izizibuthe ezizungezile. Lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezigaba ezintathu kusetshenziswa kulokhu kulungiselelwa okukhethekile, izinkambu kazibuthe zizoshintsha eziqondisweni ezihlukene ngokushintsha kwamandla ashintshayo ngesikhathi esithile, okukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe enomfutho ozungezayo ofanayo. Ijubane elijikelezayo lenkundla kazibuthe libizwa ngesivinini esivumelanayo. Ake sithi umqhubi ovaliwe ubekwe ngaphakathi, ngokomthetho kaFaraday, ngoba insimu kazibuthe iyashintshashintsha, I-loop izozwa amandla e-electromotive, azokhiqiza okwamanje ku-loop. Lesi simo sifana neluphu yamanje ethwalayo endaweni kazibuthe, ekhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ku-loop, bese u-Huan Jiang eqala ukuzungezisa. Ukusebenzisa into efana nekheji ye-squirrel, i-current phase alternating current izokhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ngokusebenzisa i-stator, futhi yamanje izongeniswa kubha yekheji ye-squirrel efinyeziwe yindandatho yokugcina, ngakho-ke i-rotor iqala ukuzungeza, okungukuthi. kungani injini ibizwa ngokuthi i-induction motor. Ngosizo lokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kunokuba kuxhumeke ngokuqondile ku-rotor ukuze kufakwe ugesi, ama-flakes e-insulating iron core agcwaliswa ku-rotor, ukuze insimbi yesayizi encane iqinisekise ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-eddy yamanje.
2) I-AC synchronous motor
I-rotor ye-synchronous motor ihlukile kuleyo ye-asynchronous motor. Imagnethi ehlala njalo ifakwe ku-rotor, engahlukaniswa ngohlobo olubekwe phezulu kanye nohlobo olushumekiwe. I-rotor yenziwe nge-silicon steel sheet, kanti uzibuthe unomphela ushunyekiwe. I-stator iphinde ixhunywe ne-alternating current enomehluko wesigaba se-120, olawula usayizi nesigaba se-sine wave alternating current, ukuze indawo kazibuthe ekhiqizwe i-stator ihluke kulokho okukhiqizwa yi-rotor, kanye ne-magnetic field. inkambu iyazungeza. Ngale ndlela, i-stator ikhangwa uzibuthe futhi izungeza nge-rotor. Umjikelezo ngemva komjikelezo ukhiqizwa ukumuncwa kwe-stator ne-rotor.
Isiphetho: Ukushayelwa kwezimoto ezimotweni zikagesi sekuphenduke insakavukela, kodwa akuyona into eyodwa kodwa eyehlukene. Isistimu ngayinye ye-motor drive inenkomba yayo ephelele. Uhlelo ngalunye lusetshenziswa kudrayivu yemoto kagesi ekhona. Iningi lazo zingamamotho asynchronous kanye namamotho asebenza ngozibuthe ahambisanayo, kuyilapho amanye ezama ukushintsha amamotho angafuni. Kuyafaneleka ukuveza ukuthi ukushayela kwezimoto kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye neminye imikhakha ukuze kubonise ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha eminingi. Ingumbangi oqinile ezimotweni zezimoto zikagesi. Ukuze uthole indawo ezimotweni zikagesi zesikhathi esizayo, zonke izinhlobo zezinjini azidingi nje ukwandisa ukwakheka kwezimoto, kodwa futhi zihlale zihlola izici ezihlakaniphile nezidijithali zohlelo lokulawula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-30-2023
