1.Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa obuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi?
Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zisebenzisa izixazululo zokupholisa ezihlukahlukene ukuze zilawule ukushisa okukhiqizwa amamotho. Lezi zixazululo zihlanganisa:
Ukupholisa Uketshezi: Zungeza uketshezi olupholile ngamashaneli angaphakathi kwenjini nezinye izakhi. Isiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa alungile okusebenza, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokushisa kokukhishwa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokupholisa komoya.
Ukupholisa komoya: Umoya usakazwa phezu kwezindawo zenjini ukuze ukhiphe ukushisa. Nakuba ukupholisa komoya kulula futhi kulula, ukusebenza kwakho kungase kungabi kuhle njengokupholisa uketshezi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu noma ezisindayo.
Ukupholisa Amafutha: Uwoyela udonsa ukushisa enjini bese uzungeza ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Ukupholisa Okuqondile: Ukupholisa okuqondile kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezipholile noma iziqandisi ukupholisa ngokuqondile ama-stator windings kanye ne-rotor core, okulawula ngempumelelo ukushisa ezinhlelweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba (PCM): Lezi zinto zimunca futhi zikhulule ukushisa phakathi noshintsho lwesigaba, zinikeze ukuphathwa kokushisa okungenzi lutho. Basiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa futhi banciphise isidingo sezindlela zokupholisa ezisebenzayo.
Izishintshi zokushisa: Izishintshisi zokushisa zingadlulisa ukushisa phakathi kwamasistimu oketshezi ahlukene, njengokudlulisa ukushisa kusuka kupholisa injini kuya kusifudumezi sekhabethe noma isistimu yokupholisa ibhethri.
Ukukhethwa kwesixazululo sokupholisa kuncike ezicini ezifana nokuklama, izidingo zokusebenza, izidingo zokulawula ukushisa okushisayo, nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwezimoto zikagesi. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi zihlanganisa lezi zindlela zokupholisa ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle futhi ziqinisekise impilo ende yemoto.
2.Iziphi izixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthuke kakhulu?
Izigaba Ezimbili Zokupholisa Amasistimu: Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izinto zokushintsha isigaba (PCM) ukuze zimunce futhi zikhulule ukushisa lapho zishintsha ukusuka oketshezini kuya kugesi. Lokhu kungahlinzeka ngezixazululo zokupholisa ezisebenza kahle nezihlangene zezingxenye zemoto kagesi, okuhlanganisa amamotho kanye nemishini yamandla kagesi.
Ukupholisa Ishaneli Emincane: Ukupholisa kwesiteshi esincane kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwamashaneli amancane ohlelweni lokupholisa ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokushisa. Lobu buchwepheshe bungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha ukushisa, kunciphise ubukhulu nesisindo sezingxenye zokupholisa.
Ukupholisa Uketshezi Oluqondile: Ukupholisa uketshezi okuqondile kubhekisela ekujikelezeni okuqondile kwesipholile enjini noma enye ingxenye ekhiqiza ukushisa. Le ndlela inganikeza ukulawula ukushisa okunembile kanye nokususwa kokushisa okuphumelelayo, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo.
Ukupholisa kwe-Thermoelectric: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Thermoelectric zingaguqula umehluko wokushisa zibe amandla kagesi, zinikeze indlela yokupholisa kwendawo ezindaweni ezithile zezimoto zikagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okubhekana nezindawo ezishisayo eziqondiwe kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.
Amapayipi Okushisa: Amapayipi okushisa angamathuluzi okudlulisa ukushisa angasebenzi asebenzisa isimiso sokushintsha kwesigaba sokudlulisa ukushisa okuphumelelayo. Ingahlanganiswa nezingxenye zemoto kagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokupholisa.
Ukuphatha Okushisayo Okushisayo: Ama-algorithms okulawula okuthuthukile nezinzwa zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ngokuguqukayo amasistimu okupholisa ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinga lokushisa lesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Amaphampu Okupholisa Esivinini Aguquguqukayo: Isistimu yokupholisa ye-Tesla ingase isebenzise amaphampu esivinini ashintshashintshayo ukuze ilungise izinga lokugeleza kokupholisa ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko zokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ama-Hybrid Cooling Systems: Ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokupholisa eziningi, njengokupholisa uketshezi kanye nokupholisa ukushintsha kwesigaba noma ukupholisa i-microchannel, kunganikeza isixazululo esibanzi sokuthuthukisa ukuchithwa kokushisa nokulawula okushisayo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuze uthole ukwaziswa kwamuva ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva bokupholisa izimoto zikagesi, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nezincwadi zemboni, amaphepha ocwaningo, kanye nabakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi.
3. Yiziphi izinselele izixazululo zokupholisa izimoto ezithuthukisiwe ezibhekana nazo?
Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko: Ukusetshenziswa kwamasistimu okupholisa athuthukile njengokupholisa uketshezi, izinto zokushintsha isigaba, noma ukupholisa i-microchannel kuzokhuphula inkimbinkimbi yedizayini yemoto kagesi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Lobu bunzima buzoholela ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza nezokulungisa.
Ukuhlanganisa kanye Nokupakishwa: Ukuhlanganisa amasistimu okupholisa athuthukile endaweni ewumngcingo yezakhiwo zezimoto zikagesi kuyinselele. Ukuqinisekisa indawo efanelekile yezingxenye zokupholisa kanye nokuphatha izindlela zokuhamba kwamanzi kungase kube nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isakhiwo semoto noma isikhala.
Ukunakekela Nokulungisa: Amasistimu okupholisa athuthukile angase adinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokulungiswa, okungase kube yinkimbinkimbi kunezixazululo zokupholisa ezivamile. Lokhu kungase kwenyuse izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa kubanikazi bezimoto zikagesi.
Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ezinye izindlela zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe, njengokupholisa uketshezi, zingadinga amandla engeziwe okusebenza kwepompo kanye nokujikeleza koketshezi. Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kanye namandla okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyinselele.
Ukuhambisana Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Lapho kukhethwa izinto zokwakha zamasistimu okupholisa athuthukile, kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezinto zokupholisa, izinto zokuthambisa, nolunye uketshezi. Ukungahambisani kungase kubangele ukugqwala, ukuvuza, noma ezinye izinkinga.
I-Manufacturing and Supply Chain: Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokupholisa kungase kudinge izinguquko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla, okungase kubangele ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza noma izinselele.
Ukuthembeka Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside: Ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuqina kwezixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe kubalulekile. Ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokupholisa kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza, ngisho nokulimala kwezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Umthelela Emvelweni: Ukukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwezingxenye zesistimu yokupholisa ethuthukisiwe (njengezinto ezishintsha isigaba noma uketshezi olukhethekile) kungase kube nomthelela emvelweni futhi kudinga ukucatshangelwa.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ucwaningo oluhlobene nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ukhuthazwa ngamandla, futhi esikhathini esizayo, lezi zixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe zizosebenza kakhulu, zisebenze kahle, futhi zithembeke. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqongelelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho, lezi zinselele zizoncishiswa kancane kancane.
4.Yiziphi izici okudingeka zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokupholisa imoto?
I-Heat Generation: Qonda ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kwemoto ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izici ezifana nokuphuma kwamandla, umthwalo, isivinini, nesikhathi sokusebenza.
Indlela Yokupholisa: Khetha indlela yokupholisa efanele, njengokupholisa uketshezi, ukupholisa umoya, izinto zokushintsha isigaba, noma ukupholisa okuhlangene. Cabangela izinzuzo nezingozi zendlela ngayinye ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokukhipha ukushisa kanye nesikhala esitholakalayo senjini.
Izindawo Zokuphatha Ezishisayo: Khomba izindawo ezithile ngaphakathi kwenjini ezidinga ukupholisa, njengama-stator windings, rotor, bearings, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Izingxenye ezihlukene zenjini zingadinga amasu ahlukene okupholisa.
I-Heat Transfer Surface: Dizayina izindawo ezisebenza kahle zokudlulisa ukushisa, ezinjengama-fin, amashaneli, noma amapayipi okushisa, ukuze uqinisekise ukunqanyulwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kusuka kumotho kuya endaweni yokupholisa.
Ukukhetha Ukupholisa: Khetha isipholile esifanele noma uketshezi olubamba ukushisa ukuze unikeze ukumunca ukushisa okusebenzayo, ukudlulisa, nokukhulula. Cabangela izici ezifana ne-thermal conductivity, ukuhambisana nezinto ezibonakalayo, nomthelela endaweni ezungezile.
Isilinganiso Sokugeleza Nokuzungeza: Thola izinga lokugeleza kokupholisa elidingekayo kanye nemodi yokuzungeza ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukushisa kwenjini futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa elizinzile.
Iphampu kanye nobukhulu babalandeli: Thola ngokunengqondo usayizi wephampu yokupholisa nesiphephetha-moya ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza okwanele kokupholisa kanye nokugeleza komoya ukuze kuphole ngempumelelo, kuyilapho ugwema ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa: Sebenzisa isistimu yokulawula ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lemoto ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ulungise amapharamitha okupholisa ngokufanele. Lokhu kungase kudinge ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zezinga lokushisa, izilawuli, nama-actuator.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinye Izinhlelo: Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa namanye amasistimu emoto, njengamasistimu okulawula ukushisa kwebhethri namandla amasistimu okupholisa ama-elekthronikhi, ukuze wakhe isu eliphelele lokuphatha ukushisa.
Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Nokuvikela Ukugqwala: Khetha izinto ezihambisana nesipholile esikhethiwe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokunqanda ukugqwala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izingqinamba Zesikhala: Cabangela indawo etholakalayo ngaphakathi kwemoto kanye nokwakheka kwenjini ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwesistimu yokupholisa ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izingxenye noma ukwakheka kwemoto.
Ukuthembeka Nokungadingeki: Lapho uklama isistimu yokupholisa, ukwethembeka kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi izindlela zokupholisa ezingasenamsebenzi noma zokusekelayo kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile uma kwenzeka ingxenye yehluleka.
Ukuhlola Nokuqinisekisa: Yenza ukuhlola okuphelele nokuqinisekisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isistimu yokupholisa ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza futhi ingalawula ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokushayela.
I-Future Scalability: Cabangela umthelela ongaba khona wokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto esikhathini esizayo noma izinguquko zedizayini yemoto ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa.
Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokupholisa izimoto kubandakanya izindlela ezihlukene, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela ku-thermal dynamics, umakhenikha oketshezi, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye ne-electronics.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2024
