Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-radial flux motors, ama-axial flux motors anezinzuzo eziningi ekwakhiweni kwemoto kagesi. Isibonelo, ama-axial flux motors angashintsha ukwakheka kwe-powertrain ngokususa injini ukusuka ku-axle ukuya ngaphakathi kwamasondo.
1.I-eksisi yamandla
Ama-axial flux motorsbathola ukunakwa okwandayo (zuza ukudonsa). Sekuyiminyaka eminingi lolu hlobo lwezimoto lusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni okumile njengamakheshi nemishini yezolimo, kodwa kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, abathuthukisi abaningi bebesebenzela ukuthuthukisa lobu buchwepheshe futhi bayisebenzise ezithuthuthu zikagesi, amaphodi esikhumulo sezindiza, amaloli ezimpahla, ugesi. izimoto, ngisho nezindiza imbala.
Amamotho endabuko e-radial flux asebenzisa omazibuthe abangapheli noma ama-induction motors, asenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwandiseni isisindo nezindleko. Nokho, babhekana nobunzima obuningi ekuqhubekeni nokuthuthuka. I-Axial flux, uhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwemoto, ingaba enye indlela enhle.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-radial motors, indawo esebenza kahle kazibuthe ye-axial flux unomphela uzibuthe motors ingaphezulu le-motor rotor, hhayi ububanzi obungaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kumthamo othile wemoto, ama-axial flux kazibuthe motors anganikeza i-torque enkulu.
Ama-axial flux motorszihlangene kakhulu; Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-radial motors, ubude be-axial benjini bufushane kakhulu. Kumamotho amasondo angaphakathi, lokhu kuvame ukuba yisici esibalulekile. Isakhiwo esihlangene sama-axial motors siqinisekisa ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuminyana kwe-torque kunama-radial motors afanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe isidingo sejubane eliphezulu kakhulu lokusebenza.
Ukusebenza kahle kwama-axial flux motors nakho kuphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile kudlula ama-96%. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela emfishane, enohlangothi olulodwa, eqhathanisekayo noma ephakeme kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle uma iqhathaniswa namamotho e-radial flux e-2D angcono kakhulu emakethe.
Ubude benjini bufushane, ngokuvamile bufushane izikhathi ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-8, kanti nesisindo sincishiswa izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezi-5. Lezi zici ezimbili zishintshe ukukhethwa kwabaklami bepulatifomu yemoto kagesi.
2. Ubuchwepheshe be-Axial flux
Kukhona topology ezimbili eziyinhlokoama-axial flux motors: i-double rotor stator eyodwa (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi imishini yesitayela se-torus) kanye ne-rotor eyodwa ye-double stator.
Njengamanje, izinjini eziningi zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo zisebenzisa i-radial flux topology. Isifunda se-magnetic flux siqala ngozibuthe ohlala njalo ku-rotor, sidlula izinyo lokuqala ku-stator, bese sigeleza ngokuzungezile ku-stator. Bese udlula izinyo lesibili ukuze ufinyelele insimbi yesibili kazibuthe ku-rotor. Ku-double rotor axial flux topology, iluphu ye-flux iqala kukazibuthe wokuqala, idlule nge-axially emazinyweni e-stator, futhi ngokushesha ifinyelele kuzibuthe wesibili.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela ye-flux imfushane kakhulu kunaleyo yama-radial flux motors, okuholela kumavolumu amancane emoto, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu nokusebenza kahle ngamandla afanayo.
I-radial motor, lapho i-flux kazibuthe idlula ezinyo lokuqala bese ibuyela ezinyo elilandelayo nge-stator, ifike kuzibuthe. I-Magnetic flux ilandela indlela enezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Indlela kazibuthe eguquguqukayo yomshini we-axial magnetic flux inohlangothi olulodwa, ngakho-ke insimbi kagesi egxile okusanhlamvu ingasetshenziswa. Le nsimbi yenza kube lula ukuthi i-flux idlule, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.
Ama-radial flux motors ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-winding asabalalisiwe, kuze kufike kuhhafu wamaphethelo asongayo angasebenzi. I-overhang yekhoyili izoholela esisindweni esengeziwe, izindleko, ukumelana nogesi, nokulahlekelwa ukushisa okwengeziwe, okuphoqa abaklami ukuba bathuthukise umklamo wokujika.
Ikhoyili iphelaama-axial flux motorsmancane kakhulu, futhi eminye imiklamo isebenzisa ama-winding agxilile noma ahlukene, asebenza ngokuphelele. Emishinini ye-stator radial ehlukanisiwe, ukuphuka kwendlela ye-magnetic flux ku-stator kungaletha ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe, kodwa kuma-axial flux motors, lokhu akuyona inkinga. Idizayini yokusonta ikhoyili iyisihluthulelo sokuhlukanisa izinga labahlinzeki.
3. Intuthuko
Ama-Axial flux motors abhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni, naphezu kwezinzuzo zawo zobuchwepheshe, izindleko zawo ziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo zama-radial motors. Abantu bawaqonda kahle kakhulu ama-radial motors, nezindlela zokukhiqiza nemishini eyimishini nakho kutholakala kalula.
Enye yezinselelo eziyinhloko zama-axial flux motors ukugcina igebe elilinganayo lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator, njengoba amandla kazibuthe makhulu kakhulu kunalawo ama-radial motors, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina igebe lomoya elifanayo. I-double rotor axial flux motor nayo inezinkinga zokukhipha ukushisa, njengoba i-winging itholakala ekujuleni kwe-stator naphakathi kwama-rotor discs amabili, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhipha ukushisa.
Ama-Axial flux motors nawo anzima ukwenza ngezizathu eziningi. Umshini wokuzungeza ombaxambili usebenzisa umshini wokuzungeza okumbaxambili one-topology yamajoka (okungukuthi, ukususa ijoka lensimbi ku-stator kodwa kugcinwe amazinyo ensimbi) unqoba ezinye zalezi zinkinga ngaphandle kokwandisa ububanzi benjini kanye nozibuthe.
Kodwa-ke, ukususa ijoka kuletha izinselele ezintsha, njengokuthi ungalungisa kanjani futhi ubeke amazinyo ngamanye ngaphandle kokuxhumana kwejoka ngomshini. Ukupholisa nakho kuyinselele enkulu.
Kunzima futhi ukukhiqiza i-rotor nokugcina igebe lomoya, njengoba i-rotor disc idonsela i-rotor. Inzuzo ukuthi ama-rotor discs axhunywe ngokuqondile ngendandatho ye-shaft, ngakho amabutho akhansela ngaphandle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthwala kwangaphakathi akumelani nalawa mandla, futhi umsebenzi wawo kuphela ukugcina i-stator endaweni ephakathi phakathi kwama-rotor discs amabili.
I-double stator single rotor motors ayibhekani nezinselele zamamotho ayindilinga, kodwa ukuklama kwe-stator kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukufeza ukuzenzekelayo, futhi izindleko ezihlobene nazo ziphezulu. Ngokungafani nanoma iyiphi i-radial flux motor yendabuko, izinqubo zokukhiqiza i-axial motor kanye nemishini yemishini isanda kuvela.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi
Ukuthembeka kubalulekile embonini yezimoto, futhi kufakazela ukwethembeka nokuqina kwezinhlobonhlobo.ama-axial flux motorsukukholisa abakhiqizi ukuthi lawa ma-motor afanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bekulokhu kuyinselele. Lokhu kushukumise abahlinzeki bezimoto ze-axial ukuthi benze izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ezibanzi bodwa, lapho umphakeli ngamunye ebonisa ukuthi ukwethembeka kwemoto yabo akuhlukile kumamotho endabuko e-radial flux.
Okuwukuphela kwengxenye engaguga ku-i-axial flux motorama-bearings. Ubude be-axial magnetic flux bufushane, futhi indawo yama-bearings iseduze, ngokuvamile iklanyelwe ukuba kancane "i-over dimensioned". Ngenhlanhla, i-axial flux motor inesisindo esincane se-rotor futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ephansi ye-rotor dynamic shaft. Ngakho-ke, amandla angempela asetshenziswa kuma-bearings mancane kakhulu kunalawo e-radial flux motor.
I-axle ye-elekthronikhi ingenye yezicelo zokuqala zama-axial motors. Ububanzi obuncane bungakwazi ukuhlanganisa injini kanye nebhokisi lika-gearbox ku-ekseli. Ezinhlelweni eziyingxubevange, ubude be-axial obufushane benjini bube bufinyeza ubude obuphelele besistimu yokudlulisela.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka i-axial motor esondweni. Ngale ndlela, amandla angadluliselwa ngokuqondile kusuka ku-motor kuya emasondweni, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-motor. Ngenxa yokuqedwa kwama-transmissions, differentials, nama-driveshafts, inkimbinkimbi yesistimu nayo yehlisiwe.
Nokho, kubonakala sengathi ukucupha okujwayelekile akukakaveli. Umkhiqizi ngamunye wemishini yoqobo ucwaninga ukucushwa okuthile, njengoba osayizi abahlukene kanye nokwakheka kwama-axial motors kungashintsha ukwakheka kwezimoto zikagesi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-radial motors, ama-axial motors anomthamo omkhulu wamandla, okusho ukuthi ama-axial motors amancane angasetshenziswa. Lokhu kunikeza izinketho ezintsha zokuklama zezingxenyekazi zezimoto, njengokubekwa kwamaphakethe ebhethri.
4.1 Izikhali ezihlukene
I-YASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) motor topology iyisibonelo se-double rotor single stator topology, enciphisa inkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba okuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zinjini zinamandla afinyelela ku-10 kW/kg ngesivinini sika-2000 kuya ku-9000 rpm.
Isebenzisa isilawuli esizinikele, inganikeza amandla amanje angu-200 kVA enjini. Isilawuli sinomthamo cishe wamalitha angu-5 futhi sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-5.8, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa okushisayo okunokupholisa uwoyela we-dielectric, ofanele ama-axial flux motors kanye nama-induction kanye nama-radial flux motors.
Lokhu kuvumela abakhiqizi bemishini yoqobo yemoto kagesi nabathuthukisi besigaba sokuqala ukuthi bakhethe kalula injini efanele ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza nendawo etholakalayo. Usayizi omncane nesisindo kwenza imoto ibe lula futhi ibe namabhethri amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukukhushulwa kobubanzi.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithuthuthu zikagesi
Ngezithuthuthu zikagesi nama-ATV, ezinye izinkampani zenze ama-AC axial flux motors. Idizayini evame ukusetshenziswa yalolu hlobo lwemoto yimiklamo ye-axial flux esekelwe ku-DC brush, kuyilapho umkhiqizo omusha uyi-AC, idizayini ye-brushless evalwe ngokugcwele.
Amakhoyili awo womabili amamotho e-DC kanye ne-AC ahlala emile, kodwa ama-rotor akabili asebenzisa omagnethi baphakade esikhundleni sokuzungeza izikhali. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi ayidingi ukuguqulwa komshini.
Idizayini ye-axial ye-AC ingase futhi isebenzise izilawuli ezijwayelekile zesigaba sesithathu se-AC zama-radial motors. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko, njengoba isilawuli silawula i-torque yamanje, hhayi isivinini. Isilawuli sidinga imvamisa engu-12 kHz noma ngaphezulu, okuyimvamisa evamile yamadivayisi anjalo.
I-frequency ephezulu iphuma ekungeneni kokusonta okuphansi okungu-20 µ H. Ifrikhwensi ingalawula yamanje ukuze inciphise ukugeleza kwamanje futhi iqinisekise isignali ye-sinusoidal ebushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokombono oguquguqukayo, lena indlela enhle yokufinyelela ukulawulwa kwezimoto okushelelayo ngokuvumela izinguquko zetorque ngokushesha.
Lo mklamo wamukela ukusakazwa kwe-double-layer winding, ngakho-ke i-flux magnetic igeleza isuka ku-rotor iye kwenye i-rotor ngokusebenzisa i-stator, ngendlela emfushane kakhulu nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Isihluthulelo salo mklamo ukuthi ingasebenza nge-voltage ephezulu engu-60 V futhi ayifaneleki kumasistimu aphezulu kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziselwa izithuthuthu zikagesi kanye nezimoto ze-L7e ezinamasondo amane ezifana ne-Renault Twizy.
Amandla kagesi aphezulu angama-60 V avumela injini ukuthi ihlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zikagesi ezijwayelekile ezingama-48 V futhi yenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ube lula.
Ukucaciswa kwesithuthuthu se-L7e esinamasondo amane ku-European Framework Regulation 2002/24/EC ibeka ukuthi isisindo sezimoto ezisetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla asikho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-600, ngaphandle kwesisindo samabhethri. Lezi zimoto zivunyelwe ukuthwala abagibeli abangekho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-200, amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-1000 wempahla, namandla angeqile ku-15 kilowatts. Indlela yokuzungeza okusabalalisiwe inganikeza itorque engu-75-100 Nm, enamandla amakhulu okukhipha angu-20-25 kW namandla aqhubekayo angu-15 kW.
Inselele ye-axial flux isekutheni i-copper windings ikuqeda kanjani ukushisa, okunzima ngoba ukushisa kufanele kudlule ku-rotor. I-winging esabalalisiwe iyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula le nkinga, njengoba inenani elikhulu lama-pole slots. Ngale ndlela, kukhona indawo enkulu engaphezulu phakathi kwethusi negobolondo, futhi ukushisa kungadluliselwa ngaphandle futhi kukhishwe uhlelo olujwayelekile lokupholisa uketshezi.
Izigxobo eziningi kazibuthe ziyisihluthulelo sokusebenzisa amafomu e-sinusoidal wave, asiza ukunciphisa ama-harmonics. Lawa ma-harmonics abonakaliswa njengokushisa kwamagnetic kanye nomgogodla, kuyilapho izingxenye zethusi zingakwazi ukuthwala ukushisa. Lapho ukushisa kunqwabelana kozibuthe nama-iron cores, ukusebenza kahle kuyehla, yingakho ukwenza kahle i-waveform nendlela yokushisa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto.
Idizayini yemoto yenziwe kahle ukuze kwehliswe izindleko futhi kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba okuzenzakalelayo. Indandatho yezindlu enwetshiwe ayidingi ukucubungula ngomshini futhi inganciphisa izindleko zempahla. Ikhoyili ingalimala ngqo futhi inqubo yokubopha isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusonga ukuze kugcinwe isimo sokuhlangana esifanele.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ikhoyili yenziwe ngocingo olujwayelekile olutholakala ngokwentengiso, kuyilapho umgogodla wensimbi ulamiwe ngezinga elimisiwe lensimbi ye-transformer yeshalofu, emane nje idinga ukusikwa ibe yisimo. Eminye imiklamo yezimoto idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinozibuthe ezithambile ku-core lamination, okungase kubize kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-windings asabalalisiwe kusho ukuthi insimbi kazibuthe ayidingi ukuhlukaniswa; Zingaba izimo ezilula futhi zibe lula ukuzenzela. Ukunciphisa usayizi wensimbi kazibuthe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kulula ukukhiqiza kunomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni izindleko.
Ukwakhiwa kwale moto ye-axial flux nakho kungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende. Amakhasimende anezinguqulo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezithuthukiswe eduze nomklamo oyisisekelo. Bese kukhiqizwa kulayini wokukhiqiza wokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okungaphindwa nakwamanye amafekthri.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso ikakhulukazi ngoba ukusebenza kwemoto akuncikile kuphela ekwakhiweni kwe-axial magnetic flux motor, kodwa futhi nasezingeni lesakhiwo semoto, iphakethe lebhethri, kanye ne-BMS.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2023
