Isakhiwo kanye nomklamo wemoto kagesi emsulwa kuhlukile kwemoto yendabuko eqhutshwa yinjini yokushisa yangaphakathi. Futhi iwubunjiniyela besistimu obuyinkimbinkimbi. Idinga ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla, ubuchwepheshe bokushayela imoto, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto kanye nethiyori yokulawula yesimanje ukuze kufezwe inqubo yokulawula efanele. Ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi, izwe liyaqhubeka nokunamathela ekuhlelweni kwe-R&D "kwezintathu eziqondile nezithathu ezivundlile", futhi ligcizelela ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile "bezintathu ezivundlile" ngokwesu lokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe "be-pure electric drive", okungukuthi, ucwaningo ngemoto yokushayela kanye nohlelo lwayo lokulawula, ibhethri lamandla kanye nohlelo lwayo lokuphatha, kanye nohlelo lokulawula i-powertrain. Umkhiqizi ngamunye omkhulu wakha isu lakhe lokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ngokwesu lokuthuthukiswa kukazwelonke.
Umbhali uhlela ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwesitimela esisha samandla, enikeza isisekelo semfundiso kanye nereferensi yokuklama, ukuhlola, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesitimela samandla. Uhlelo luhlukaniswe izahluko ezintathu ukuze kuhlaziywe ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokushayela ngogesi kusitimela samandla sezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile. Namuhla, sizoqala ngokukwethula isimiso kanye nokuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe bokushayela ngogesi.
Umfanekiso 1 Izixhumanisi Eziyinhloko Ekuthuthukisweni Kwe-Powertrain
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ezimoto zikagesi buhlanganisa izigaba ezine ezilandelayo:
Umfanekiso 2 Ubuchwepheshe Obuyinhloko Be-Powertrain
Incazelo Yesistimu Yemoto Yokushayela
Ngokwesimo sebhethri lamandla emoto kanye nezidingo zamandla emoto, iguqula amandla kagesi akhishwa yidivayisi yokugcina amandla ebhodi abe amandla omshini, bese amandla adluliselwa kumasondo okushayela ngedivayisi yokudlulisa, bese izingxenye zamandla kagesi emoto ziguqulwa zibe amandla kagesi bese zibuyiselwa kudivayisi yokugcina amandla lapho imoto ibhuleka. Uhlelo lokushayela kagesi luhlanganisa injini, indlela yokudlulisa, isilawuli semoto nezinye izingxenye. Ukwakheka kwamapharamitha obuchwepheshe esistimu yokushayela amandla kagesi kufaka phakathi amandla, i-torque, isivinini, i-voltage, isilinganiso sokudlulisa sokunciphisa, amandla okunikezwa kwamandla, amandla okukhipha, i-voltage, i-current, njll.
1) Isilawuli semoto
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-inverter, ishintsha okokufaka kwamanje okuqondile ngephakethe lebhethri lamandla kube kwamanje okushintshanayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko:
◎ IGBT: iswishi kagesi enamandla, isimiso: ngokusebenzisa isilawuli, lawula ingalo yebhuloho le-IGBT ukuze uvale imvamisa ethile kanye neswishi yokulandelana ukuze ukhiqize ugesi oshintshashintshayo wesigaba sesithathu. Ngokulawula iswishi kagesi enamandla ukuze uvale, i-voltage eshintshanayo ingaguqulwa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-voltage ye-AC ikhiqizwa ngokulawula umjikelezo womsebenzi.
◎ Umthamo wefilimu: umsebenzi wokuhlunga; inzwa yamanje: ukuthola ugesi wokujikeleza kwezigaba ezintathu.
2) Isekethe yokulawula nokushayela: ibhodi yokulawula yekhompyutha, i-IGBT eshayelayo
Indima yomlawuli wemoto ukuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC, ukuthola isignali ngayinye, nokukhipha amandla ne-torque ehambisanayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko: iswishi kagesi yamandla, i-capacitor yefilimu, inzwa yamanje, isekethe yokushayela yokulawula ukuvula amaswishi ahlukene, ukwakha ama-current ngezindlela ezahlukene, nokukhiqiza i-voltage eshintshanayo. Ngakho-ke, singahlukanisa i-sinusoidal alternating current ibe ama-rectangles. Indawo yama-rectangles iguqulwa ibe yi-voltage enokuphakama okufanayo. I-x-axis iqaphela ukulawula ubude ngokulawula umjikelezo womsebenzi, futhi ekugcineni iqaphela ukuguqulwa okulinganayo kwendawo. Ngale ndlela, amandla e-DC angalawulwa ukuvala ingalo yebhuloho le-IGBT ngemvamisa ethile kanye nokushintsha kokulandelana ngokusebenzisa isilawuli ukukhiqiza amandla e-AC ezigaba ezintathu.
Njengamanje, izingxenye ezibalulekile zesekethe yokushayela zithembele ekungenisweni: ama-capacitor, amashubhu okushintsha e-IGBT/MOSFET, i-DSP, ama-chip kagesi kanye namasekethe ahlanganisiwe, angakhiqizwa ngokuzimela kodwa anomthamo obuthakathaka: amasekethe akhethekile, izinzwa, izixhumi, ezingakhiqizwa ngokuzimela: izinsiza zikagesi, ama-diode, ama-inductor, amabhodi wesekethe anezingqimba eziningi, izintambo ezivikelwe, ama-radiator.
3) Injini: guqula i-alternating current yesigaba esithathu ibe yimishini
◎ Isakhiwo: izembozo zangaphambili nangemuva, amagobolondo, imiphini nama-bearings
◎ Isekethe yamagnetic: i-stator core, i-rotor core
◎ Isekethe: ukugoqa kwe-stator, umqhubi we-rotor
4) Idivayisi Yokudlulisa
Ibhokisi legiya noma i-reducer liguqula isivinini se-torque esikhishwa yinjini sibe yisivinini kanye ne-torque edingwa yimoto yonke.
Uhlobo lwemoto yokushayela
Ama-driver motors ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine ezilandelayo. Njengamanje, ama-AC induction motors kanye nama-permanent magnet synchronous motors yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimoto ezintsha zikagesi zamandla. Ngakho-ke sigxila kubuchwepheshe be-AC induction motor kanye ne-permanent magnet synchronous motor.
| Imoto ye-DC | Injini Yokungenisa I-AC | Injini Ehambisanayo Yama-Magnet Ehlala Njalo | Injini Yokungafuni Ukushintsha | |
| Inzuzo | Izindleko Eziphansi, Izidingo Eziphansi Zohlelo Lokulawula | Izindleko eziphansi, Ukumbozwa kwamandla abanzi, Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula obuthuthukisiwe, Ukuthembeka okuphezulu | Ubuningi Bamandla Aphezulu, Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu, Usayizi Omncane | Isakhiwo Esilula, Izidingo Eziphansi Zesistimu Yokulawula |
| Ububi | Izidingo zokulungisa eziphezulu, Isivinini esiphansi, I-torque ephansi, impilo emfushane | Indawo encane esebenza kahle kakhulu Amandla aphansi | Izindleko eziphezulu Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okungekuhle kwemvelo | Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-torqueUmsindo ophezulu wokusebenza |
| Isicelo | Imoto kagesi encane noma encane enesivinini esiphansi | Izimoto Zebhizinisi Likagesi Nezimoto Zabagibeli | Izimoto Zebhizinisi Likagesi Nezimoto Zabagibeli | Imoto enamandla ahlanganisiwe |
1) I-AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Umgomo wokusebenza wemoto ye-AC inductive asynchronous ukuthi ukugoqa kuzodlula endaweni ye-stator kanye ne-rotor: kuhlanganiswe ngamashidi ensimbi amancane anokuqhutshwa okuphezulu kwamandla kazibuthe. Ugesi wezigaba ezintathu uzodlula endaweni yokugoqa. Ngokomthetho we-Faraday wokungenisa amandla kazibuthe, kuzokhiqizwa insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo, okuyisizathu esenza i-rotor ijikeleze. Amakhoyili amathathu e-stator axhunywe ngesikhawu sama-degrees angu-120, kanti umqhubi othwala amandla kazibuthe ukhiqiza amasimu kazibuthe azungezile. Lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kazibuthe kwezigaba ezintathu kusetshenziswa kulolu hlelo olukhethekile, amasimu kazibuthe azoshintsha ngezindlela ezahlukene ngokushintsha kwamandla kazibuthe ngesikhathi esithile, akhiqize insimu kazibuthe enamandla okujikeleza afanayo. Ijubane elijikelezayo lensimu kazibuthe libizwa ngokuthi ijubane elihambisanayo. Ake sithi umqhubi ovaliwe ufakwa ngaphakathi, ngokomthetho we-Faraday, ngoba insimu kazibuthe iyaguquguquka, i-loop izozwa amandla kagesi, azokhiqiza amandla kazibuthe endaweni yokugoqa. Lesi simo sifana nje ne-loop yokuthwala amandla kazibuthe ensimini kazibuthe, ikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe endaweni yokugoqa, bese uHuan Jiang eqala ukujikeleza. Kusetshenziswa into efana nekheji lesikwele, ugesi oshintshashintshayo onezigaba ezintathu uzokhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo nge-stator, futhi ugesi uzofakwa ebha yekheji lesikwele elifinyeziwe yindandatho yokugcina, ukuze i-rotor iqale ukuzungeza, yingakho imoto ibizwa ngokuthi i-induction motor. Ngosizo lwe-induction kagesi esikhundleni sokuxhunywa ngqo ne-rotor ukuze kukhishwe ugesi, ama-insulating iron core flakes agcwaliswe ku-rotor, ukuze insimbi encane iqinisekise ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwamanje kwe-eddy.
2) Injini ehambisanayo ye-AC
I-rotor yemoto ehambisanayo ihlukile kweyemoto engahambisani. I-magnet ehlala njalo ifakiwe ku-rotor, engahlukaniswa ngohlobo olufakwe phezulu kanye nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe. I-rotor yenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi le-silicon, kanti i-magnet ehlala njalo ifakiwe. I-stator ixhunywe futhi ne-alternating current enomehluko wesigaba ongu-120, olawula usayizi kanye nesigaba se-sine wave alternating current, ukuze insimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa yi-stator iphambene naleyo ekhiqizwa yi-rotor, futhi insimu yamagnetic iyajikeleza. Ngale ndlela, i-stator ikhangwa yi-magnet futhi ijikeleza ne-rotor. Umjikelezo ngemva komjikelezo ukhiqizwa yi-stator kanye nokumuncwa kwe-rotor.
Isiphetho: Ukushayela kwezimoto zikagesi sekuyinto evamile, kodwa akuyona eyodwa kodwa ihlukahlukene. Uhlelo ngalunye lokushayela kwezimoto lunenkomba yalo ephelele. Uhlelo ngalunye lusetshenziswa kudrayivu yezimoto zikagesi ekhona. Iningi lazo lingama-motor angenawo ukuvumelanisa kanye nama-motor ahlala njalo ahambisanayo, kuyilapho amanye ezama ukushintsha ama-motor angathandi. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi i-motor drive ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-electronics bamandla, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye neminye imikhakha ukuze kuboniswe amathuba okusetshenziswa okuphelele kanye nentuthuko yemikhakha eminingi. Kungumncintiswano onamandla kuma-motor ezimoto zikagesi. Ukuze kuthathwe indawo ezimotweni zikagesi zesikhathi esizayo, zonke izinhlobo zama-motor azidingi nje kuphela ukwenza ngcono isakhiwo sezimoto, kodwa futhi nokuhlola njalo izici ezihlakaniphile nezedijithali zesistimu yokulawula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-30-2023
