1. Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa obusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-motor ezimoto zikagesi?
Izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) zisebenzisa izixazululo ezahlukene zokupholisa ukulawula ukushisa okukhiqizwa yizinjini. Lezi zixazululo zifaka:
Ukupholisa Okuwuketshezi: Zungeza uketshezi olupholile ngeziteshi ezingaphakathi kwemoto nezinye izingxenye. Kusiza ekugcineni amazinga okushisa afanele okusebenza, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokushisa kokusaphaza okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokupholisa komoya.
Ukupholisa Umoya: Umoya ujikeleziswa phezu kwenjini ukuze kususwe ukushisa. Nakuba ukupholisa umoya kulula futhi kulula, ukusebenza kwawo kungase kungabi kuhle njengokupholisa uketshezi, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu noma ezisebenza kanzima.
Ukupholisa Amafutha: Amafutha amunca ukushisa okuvela enjinini bese ejikeleza ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Ukupholisa Okuqondile: Ukupholisa okuqondile kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-coolant noma ama-refrigerant ukupholisa ngqo ama-stator windings kanye ne-rotor core, okulawula ukushisa ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphezulu.
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba (i-PCM): Lezi zinto zimunca futhi zikhulule ukushisa ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesigaba, zihlinzeka ngokuphathwa kokushisa okungenamsebenzi. Zisiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa futhi zinciphise isidingo sezindlela zokupholisa ezisebenzayo.
Ama-heat exchanger: Ama-heat exchanger angadlulisa ukushisa phakathi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zoketshezi, njengokudlulisa ukushisa kusuka ku-coolant yenjini kuya ku-cabin heater noma ohlelweni lokupholisa ibhethri.
Ukukhetha ikhambi lokupholisa kuncike ezicini ezifana nomklamo, izidingo zokusebenza, izidingo zokuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwezimoto zikagesi. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi zihlanganisa lezi zindlela zokupholisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imoto ihlala isikhathi eside.
2. Yiziphi izixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthuke kakhulu?
Izinhlelo Zokupholisa Ezinezigaba Ezimbili: Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izinto zokushintsha isigaba (i-PCM) ukuze zimunce futhi zikhiphe ukushisa lapho zishintsha kusuka koketshezi ziye kugesi. Lokhu kunganikeza izixazululo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo nezincane zezingxenye zezimoto zikagesi, okuhlanganisa ama-motor namadivayisi kagesi anamandla.
Ukupholisa Iziteshi Ezincane: Ukupholisa iziteshi ezincane kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kweziteshi ezincane ohlelweni lokupholisa ukuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa. Lobu buchwepheshe bungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushabalalisa ukushisa, bunciphise usayizi nesisindo sezingxenye zokupholisa.
Ukupholisa Okuqondile Koketshezi: Ukupholisa okuqondile koketshezi kubhekisela ekujikelezeni okuqondile kwe-coolant ku-motor noma kwenye ingxenye ekhiqiza ukushisa. Le ndlela ingahlinzeka ngokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kanye nokususa ukushisa okuphumelelayo, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yonke.
Ukupholisa Nge-Thermoelectric: Izinto ze-Thermoelectric zingaguqula umehluko wokushisa ube yi-voltage, zinikeze indlela yokupholisa endaweni ethile ezindaweni ezithile zezimoto zikagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okubhekana nezindawo ezihlosiwe futhi buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.
Amapayipi Okushisa: Amapayipi okushisa angamadivayisi okudlulisa ukushisa asebenzisa isimiso sokushintsha kwesigaba ukuze kudluliselwe ukushisa okuphumelelayo. Angafakwa ezingxenyeni zezimoto zikagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokupholisa.
Ukuphathwa Kokushisa Okusebenzayo: Ama-algorithms okulawula okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kudatha yokushisa yesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Amaphampu Okupholisa Okusheshayo Aguquguqukayo: Uhlelo lokupholisa lweTesla lungasebenzisa amaphampu esivinini aguquguqukayo ukulungisa amazinga okugeleza kokupholisa ngokwezidingo zokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Izinhlelo Zokupholisa Ezihlanganisiwe: Ukuhlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokupholisa, njengokupholisa uketshezi kanye nokupholisa ukushintsha kwesigaba noma ukupholisa isiteshi esincane, kunganikeza ikhambi eliphelele lokwenza ngcono ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe bamuva bokupholisa izimoto zikagesi, kutuswa ukuthi ubheke izincwadi zemboni, amaphepha ocwaningo, kanye nabakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi.
3. Yiziphi izinselele ezibhekene nezixazululo zokupholisa izimoto ezithuthukisiwe?
Ubunzima kanye Nezindleko: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe njengokupholisa uketshezi, izinto zokushintsha isigaba, noma ukupholisa iziteshi ezincane kuzokwandisa ubunzima bokuklama izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Lokhu bunzima kuzoholela ezindleleni zokukhiqiza nezokulungisa eziphezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nokupakishwa: Ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe endaweni encane yezakhiwo zezimoto zikagesi kuyinselele. Ukuqinisekisa indawo efanele yezingxenye zokupholisa nokuphatha izindlela zokujikeleza koketshezi kungaba nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthinta isakhiwo semoto noma isikhala.
Ukugcinwa Nokulungiswa: Izinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe zingadinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile, okungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezixazululo zokupholisa zendabuko. Lokhu kungandisa izindleko zokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi.
Ukusebenza Kahle Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Ezinye izindlela zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe, njengokupholisa uketshezi, zingadinga amandla engeziwe ukuze kusebenze iphampu kanye nokujikeleziswa koketshezi. Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungenzeka kwandise kuyinselele.
Ukuhambisana Kwezinto: Uma ukhetha izinto zezinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe, kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinto zokupholisa, izinto zokugcoba, kanye nezinye izinto eziwuketshezi. Ukungahambisani kungabangela ukugqwala, ukuvuza, noma ezinye izinkinga.
Ukukhiqiza Nokunikezela Ngempahla: Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokupholisa kungadinga izinguquko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nokuthengwa kwe-supply chain, okungase kuholele ekubambezelekeni kokukhiqiza noma ezinseleleni.
Ukuthembeka Nokuhlala Isikhathi Eside: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside nokuqina kwezixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe kubalulekile. Ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokupholisa kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza, ngisho nasekulimazeni izingxenye ezibalulekile.
Umthelela Wezemvelo: Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokulahlwa kwezingxenye zesistimu yokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe (njengezinto zokushintsha isigaba noma uketshezi olukhethekile) kungaba nomthelela emvelweni futhi kudingeke kucatshangelwe.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ucwaningo oluhlobene nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa lukhuthazwa ngamandla, futhi esikhathini esizayo, lezi zixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe zizoba usizo kakhulu, zisebenze kahle, futhi zithembeke. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqongelela ulwazi, lezi zinselele zizoncishiswa kancane kancane.
4. Yiziphi izinto okudingeka zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokupholisa lwemoto?
Ukukhiqizwa Kokushisa: Qonda ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kwenjini ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izici ezifana nokukhishwa kwamandla, umthwalo, isivinini, kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza.
Indlela Yokupholisa: Khetha indlela yokupholisa efanele, njengokupholisa uketshezi, ukupholisa umoya, izinto zokushintsha isigaba, noma ukupholisa okuhlanganisiwe. Cabanga ngezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwendlela ngayinye ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokushabalalisa ukushisa kanye nendawo etholakalayo yemoto.
Izindawo Zokuphatha Ukushisa: Thola izindawo ezithile ngaphakathi kwenjini ezidinga ukupholisa, njenge-stator windings, i-rotor, ama-bearings, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Izingxenye ezahlukene zenjini zingadinga amasu ahlukene okupholisa.
Indawo Yokudlulisa Ukushisa: Dala izindawo zokudlulisa ukushisa ezisebenzayo, njengezimpiko, iziteshi, noma amapayipi okushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo kusuka kumoto kuya endaweni yokupholisa.
Ukukhetha Ukupholisa: Khetha i-coolant efanele noma uketshezi oluhambisa ukushisa ukuze lunikeze ukumuncwa, ukudluliselwa, kanye nokukhululwa kokushisa okuphumelelayo. Cabangela izici ezifana nokuqhuba ukushisa, ukuhambisana nezinto, kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
Izinga Lokugeleza Nokujikeleza: Nquma izinga lokugeleza kokupholisa elidingekayo kanye nemodi yokujikeleza ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukushisa kwenjini futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa lizinzile.
Usayizi Wephampu Nowefeni: Nquma kahle usayizi wephampu yokupholisa nefeni ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okwanele kokupholisa kanye nokugeleza komoya ukuze kuphole kahle, ngenkathi ugwema ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile.
Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa: Sebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lemoto ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ulungise amapharamitha okupholisa ngokufanele. Lokhu kungadinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokushisa, abalawuli, kanye nama-actuator.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinye Izinhlelo: Qinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo zezimoto, njengezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa kwebhethri kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa ze-elekthronikhi zamandla, ukudala isu lokuphatha ukushisa eliphelele.
Izinto Zokusebenza Nokuvikelwa Kokugqwala: Khetha izinto ezihambisana nesipholile esikhethiwe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokulwa nokugqwala ukuvimbela ukugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izithiyo Zesikhala: Cabanga ngesikhala esitholakalayo ngaphakathi emotweni kanye nomklamo wenjini ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kohlelo lokupholisa ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izingxenye noma umklamo wemoto.
Ukuthembeka Nokuphindaphindeka: Lapho kuklanywa uhlelo lokupholisa, ukuthembeka kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi izindlela zokupholisa eziphindaphindekile noma ezisekelayo kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwengxenye.
Ukuhlola Nokuqinisekisa: Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokupholisa luhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza futhi lungalawula izinga lokushisa ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokushayela.
Ukukhuliswa Kwesikhathi Esizayo: Cabanga ngomthelela ongaba khona wokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto esikhathini esizayo noma izinguquko zomklamo wezimoto ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa.
Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokupholisa izimoto kuhilela izindlela ezihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela ku-thermal dynamics, i-fluid mechanics, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye ne-electronics.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-06-2024
